This report evaluates progress made in Canada between 2014 and 2019 towards an integrated One Health surveillance system of antimicrobial use (AMU) and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) to safeguard human, animal, and crop health. Building on previous work completed by the National Collaborating Centre for Infectious Diseases in 2014, and the Canadian Council of Chief Veterinary Officers in 2016, the team identified current AMR/AMU surveillance programs operating in Canada, described the scope of the programs, and evaluated the progress to date in achieving integrated AMR/AMU surveillance. Gaps were identified in what data are collected across sectors, how data are shared between levels of government, and the sustainability of resources to create an integrated system. Findings from this report highlight 3 crucial areas for action:
development of a complete, integrated AMR/AMU surveillance program that builds on current success;
changes in federal-provincial-territorial policies to compel standardized AMR/AMU reporting; and
investment in AMR/AMU surveillance resources (dedicated personnel, funding, and enabling structures and policy).